{"id":164379,"date":"2024-11-25T15:41:01","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T12:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cedmohub.eu\/?p=164379"},"modified":"2025-06-20T14:13:01","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T11:13:01","slug":"zkresleni-volebnich-vysledku-v-usa-jak-mapy-okresu-mohou-vest-k-mylnym-zaverum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cedmohub.eu\/cs\/zkresleni-volebnich-vysledku-v-usa-jak-mapy-okresu-mohou-vest-k-mylnym-zaverum\/","title":{"rendered":"Zkreslen\u00ed volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v USA: Jak mapy okres\u016f mohou v\u00e9st k myln\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
Facebookov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mapu v\u00fdsledk\u016f prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb v\u00a0USA, rozd\u011blenou dle okres\u016f. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u010derven\u00e1 mapa \u00fadajn\u011b zachycuje realitu republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159evahy, zat\u00edmco podle m\u00e9di\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti podporuje demokraty. Takov\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je ale zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed, jeliko\u017e mapa ukazuje v\u00edt\u011bze v\u00a0dan\u00e9m okrese bez ohledu na po\u010det voli\u010d\u016f. Podle p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f z\u00edskal letos Donald Trump 50\u00a0% hlas\u016f a Kamala Harris 48\u00a0%, ameri\u010dt\u00ed voli\u010di jsou tak rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na dv\u011b poloviny. Mapa v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nav\u00edc zachycuje v\u00fdsledek voleb v\u00a0roce 2016, kde v\u00edce hlas\u016f z\u00edskala demokratick\u00e1 kandid\u00e1tka Hillary Clinton.<\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n
Zdroj:\u00a0Facebook<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek<\/a>\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed se nejen na \u010desk\u00e9m facebooku obsahuje mapu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Americk\u00fdch barevn\u011b rozd\u011blenou na \u010derven\u00e9 a\u00a0modr\u00e9 okresy, zjevn\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina okres\u016f je \u010derven\u00fdch (co\u017e\u00a0ozna\u010duje<\/a>\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 strany), p\u0159itom m\u00e9dia podle autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku\u00a0\u201echt\u011bj\u00ed, abyste si mysleli\u201c<\/i>, \u017ee v\u00a0americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 modr\u00e1 barva (tedy podpora Demokratick\u00e9 strany). P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek tak poukazuje na \u00fadajn\u00fd rozpor mezi t\u00edm, jak americkou spole\u010dnost prezentuj\u00ed m\u00e9dia a\u00a0jak\u00e1 je volebn\u00ed realita.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odstavc\u00edch se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na to, co ve skute\u010dnosti zachycuje sd\u00edlen\u00e1 mapa USA a\u00a0zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed ozna\u010dovat za realitu americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku (\u201eTohle m\u00e9dia cht\u011bj\u00ed, abyste si mysleli\u2026\u201c<\/i>) se v\u011bnovat nebudeme, nebo\u0165 se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0n\u00e1zor autora, nikoliv faktick\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mapa volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ov\u011b\u0159ovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd 10.\u00a0listopadu 2024, mapa ale nezobrazuje v\u00fdsledky prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb, kter\u00e9 se\u00a0konaly<\/a>\u00a05.\u00a0listopadu. V\u00fdsledky t\u011bchto voleb, kter\u00e9\u00a0ovl\u00e1dl<\/a>\u00a0republik\u00e1n Donald Trump, zat\u00edm nejsou \u00fapln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Mapa ve skute\u010dnosti zachycuje v\u00fdsledek prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb roku\u00a02016<\/a>, kdy Donald Trump porazil demokratickou kandid\u00e1tku Hillary Clinton. A\u010dkoliv m\u00e1 mapa v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku<\/a>\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0hranice okres\u016f tak nejsou \u00fapln\u011b z\u0159eteln\u00e9, z\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je vid\u011bt, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku opravdu je skute\u010dn\u011b mapa volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f z\u00a0roku 2016. Ostatn\u011b identick\u00e1 mapa se ve stejn\u00e9m kontextu\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila<\/a>\u00a0u\u017e p\u0159ed leto\u0161n\u00edmi prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0Wikipedie<\/a>\u00a0(2016),\u00a0Facebook<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu hlas\u016f, v\u00a0roce 2016\u00a0z\u00edskala<\/a>\u00a0Hillary Clinton necel\u00fdch 66\u00a0milion\u016f hlas\u016f, Donald Trump necel\u00fdch 63\u00a0milion\u016f. Vzhledem ke\u00a0specifik\u016fm<\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kde se hlasy voli\u010d\u016f v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1tech p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed na tzv.\u00a0hlasy volitel\u016f, se ale prezidentem stal pr\u00e1v\u011b Trump.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0ohledem na p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9\u00a0v\u00fdsledky<\/a>\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edch prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb se d\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee i\u00a0letos zv\u00edt\u011bzil republik\u00e1nsk\u00fd kandid\u00e1t Trump ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b okres\u016f, a\u00a0v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 mapa tak znovu bude sp\u00ed\u0161e \u010derven\u00e1 ne\u017e modr\u00e1. Podle stavu\u00a0s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0k\u00a018.\u00a0listopadu 2024 z\u00edskal Donald Trump 76,5\u00a0milion\u016f hlas\u016f, pora\u017een\u00e1 Kamala Harris necel\u00fdch 74\u00a0milion\u016f. Americk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost je tedy rozd\u011blen\u00e1 na dv\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b velk\u00e9 voli\u010dsk\u00e9 skupiny, rozhodn\u011b se tedy nejedn\u00e1 o\u00a0pom\u011br, kter\u00fd nazna\u010duje facebookov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek.<\/p>\n

Okresn\u00ed mapy p\u0159i americk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00a0mapami, jako je ta z\u00a0facebookov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, se v\u00a0americk\u00e9m kontextu ob\u010das poj\u00ed nejasnosti. Nezobrazuj\u00ed toti\u017e zastoupen\u00ed hlas\u016f pro ob\u011b strany nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, n\u00fdbr\u017e pouze to, kdo zv\u00edt\u011bzil v\u00a0dan\u00e9m okresu. V\u00a0politice, politologii, a\u00a0hlavn\u011b v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch, \u010dasto t\u011bch americk\u00fdch, se ob\u010das setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s\u00a0pojmem<\/a>\u00a0\u201eLand doesn\u2019t vote, People do,\u201c\u00a0<\/i>tedy\u00a0\u201eZem\u011b nevol\u00ed, lid\u00e9 ano.\u201c\u00a0<\/i>Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento princip je pro vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 toti\u017e, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv mapy na \u00farovni okres\u016f \u010dasto ukazuj\u00ed zd\u00e1nliv\u011b jasnou p\u0159evahu \u010derven\u00e9 barvy, tedy republik\u00e1n\u016f, tyto okresy maj\u00ed \u010dasto m\u00e9n\u011b obyvatel a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozlohu. Naopak velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta na obou pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edch typicky vol\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e demokraty, a\u00a0tyto relativn\u011b mal\u00e9, ale lidnat\u00e9 okresy tak b\u00fdvaj\u00ed modr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Realit\u011b proto l\u00e9pe odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed mapy, kter\u00e9 se ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed \u00fazem\u00edm, ale po\u010dtem obyvatel. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed vizualizace v\u00fdsledk\u016f prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb 2016 nap\u0159.\u00a0l\u00e9pe ukazuje rozlo\u017een\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch hlas\u016f. Existuje tak\u00e9 cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed<\/a>, jak volebn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky v\u00a0map\u00e1ch zobrazit.<\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0Karim Douieb<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Shrnut\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Facebookov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mapu volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f americk\u00fdch prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb, na kter\u00e9 p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 barva. Autor p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku poukazuje na \u00fadajnou snahu m\u00e9di\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit lidi o\u00a0tom, \u017ee naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina spole\u010dnosti podporuje demokraty a\u00a0upozor\u0148uje na to, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti je realita jin\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Mapa volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb z\u00a0roku 2016 nicm\u00e9n\u011b nic ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o\u00a0rozd\u011blen\u00ed politick\u00fdch n\u00e1lad ve spole\u010dnosti. P\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed \u010derven\u00e1 barva je zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 demografi\u00ed USA, kde hust\u011bji obydlen\u00e9 oblasti na obou pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edch typicky vol\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 demokraty a\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ale m\u00e9n\u011b po\u010detn\u00e9 okresy ve st\u0159edu zem\u011b naopak vol\u00ed republik\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Ve volb\u00e1ch roku 2016 v\u0161ak z\u00edskala demokratick\u00e1 kandid\u00e1tka Hillary Clinton v\u00edce hlas\u016f ne\u017e republik\u00e1n Donald Trump, podle p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f leto\u0161n\u00edch prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb z\u00edskala demokratick\u00e1 kandid\u00e1tka Kamala Harris p\u0159es 48\u00a0% v\u0161ech hlas\u016f. Americk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost je tedy politicky rozd\u011blen\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b nap\u016fl, srovn\u00e1n\u00ed mapy volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f s\u00a0grafikou zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed americkou spole\u010dnosti je tak zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Facebookov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mapu v\u00fdsledk\u016f prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb v\u00a0USA, rozd\u011blenou dle okres\u016f. P\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u010derven\u00e1 mapa \u00fadajn\u011b zachycuje realitu republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159evahy, zat\u00edmco…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":230011,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[450,204,205,208],"tags":[440],"class_list":["post-164379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-americke-volby-2024","category-fact-check-cs","category-politics-cs","category-society-cs","tag-meta-fact-check"],"acf":{"export_to_rss":false,"type":"Closed Event","location":"","start_date":"","start_date_event_begins_at":"","start_date_event_ends_at":"","end_date":"","end_date_event_begins_at":"","end_date_event_ends_at":"","organizer":"","show_metatags":true,"id":"","authors":"Demagog.cz","organization":"Demagog.cz","featured_image_copyright":"Foto: KAMIL KRZACZYNSKI, MANDEL NGAN\/AFP","text_copyright":"","source":"https:\/\/demagog.cz\/diskuze\/zkresleni-volebnich-vysledku-v-usa-jak-mapy-okresu-mohou-vest-k-mylnym-zaverum","fact_checker":"https:\/\/cedmohub.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/afp-logo-256.png","fact_checker_logo_image":false,"share_this_post_to_edmo_website":false,"affiliation":"ADMO"},"yoast_head":"\nZkreslen\u00ed volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v USA: Jak mapy okres\u016f mohou v\u00e9st k myln\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm - CEDMO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cedmohub.eu\/cs\/zkresleni-volebnich-vysledku-v-usa-jak-mapy-okresu-mohou-vest-k-mylnym-zaverum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zkreslen\u00ed volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v USA: Jak mapy okres\u016f mohou v\u00e9st k myln\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm - CEDMO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Facebookov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek obsahuje mapu v\u00fdsledk\u016f prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb v\u00a0USA, rozd\u011blenou dle okres\u016f. 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