{"id":178606,"date":"2025-04-08T11:00:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T08:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cedmohub.eu\/?p=178606"},"modified":"2025-04-08T10:32:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T07:32:37","slug":"misinformace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy-uprostred-krize-vyvolane-virem-mpox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cedmohub.eu\/cs\/misinformace-dezinformace-a-falesne-zpravy-uprostred-krize-vyvolane-virem-mpox\/","title":{"rendered":"Misinformace, dezinformace a fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy uprost\u0159ed krize vyvolan\u00e9 virem Mpox"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=““]<\/p>\n

\n
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Prof. RNDr. Vanda Bos\u030cti\u0301kova\u0301, Ph.D.<\/strong><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
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Prof. RNDr. Ales\u030c Macela, DrSc.<\/strong><\/pre>\n
\"Coffee<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu pandemie vyvolan\u00e9 virem SARS-CoV-2 zp\u016fsobilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch informac\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se p\u016fvodu, l\u00e9\u010dby a prevence nemoci Covid-19 strach a ned\u016fv\u011bru. To vedlo ke zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch preventivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b pochybnost\u00ed o \u00fa\u010dinnosti o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a ve sv\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch vy\u00fastilo do \u010dasto vysoce rizikov\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed populace.<\/p>\n
Podobn\u00fd vzorec se nyn\u00ed objevuje na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Mpox viru, co\u017e je od 28. listopadu 2022 nov\u00fd n\u00e1zev viru opi\u010d\u00edch ne\u0161tovic. Nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed platformou pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed o Mpox viru byl v uplynul\u00e9m roce Google a s\u00ed\u0165 X. Studie trend\u016f vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed online informac\u00ed o n\u00e1kaz\u00e1ch Mpox virem uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee objem vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s Mpox virem na za\u010d\u00e1tku vypuknut\u00ed epidemie raketov\u011b vzrostl na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v USA, n\u00e1sledov\u00e1n Indi\u00ed a Velkou Brit\u00e1ni\u00ed. V\u0161e se ud\u00e1lo v roce 2022 v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 korelaci s vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm nouzov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed Sv\u011btovou zdravotnickou organizac\u00ed z d\u016fvod\u016f identifikace onemocn\u011bn\u00ed vyvolan\u00fdm virem Mpox v mnoha zem\u00edch mimo Afriku. Komunitn\u00ed p\u0159enos n\u00e1kazy byl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n nejprve ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a v Portugalsku, n\u00e1sledn\u011b byl pak potvrzen i ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed Evropy, v severn\u00ed Americe, Austr\u00e1lii a v Izraeli [1-4].<\/p>\n
V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b, v l\u00e9t\u011b 2024, v d\u016fsledku alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed situace v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo (DRK), vyhl\u00e1sila Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace \u201eMimo\u0159\u00e1dnou situaci v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu\u201c.\u00a0 Mezi lednem a z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm 2024 bylo potvrzeno 6 201 infekc\u00ed a 32 \u00famrt\u00ed v souvislosti s Mpox v Africe (majorita p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v DRK). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl zachycen geneticky nov\u00fd typ Mpox viru, a to jak v Evrop\u011b, tak v Asii [11]. Anal\u00fdzy genomu viru ve vzorc\u00edch odebran\u00fdch od pacient\u016f vykazovaly neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b vysok\u00fd po\u010det mutac\u00ed, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1valo obavy z plo\u0161n\u00e9ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed choroby. Nav\u00edc byly diskutov\u00e1ny pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 zmi\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee Mpox pat\u0159\u00ed mezi pohlavn\u011b p\u0159enosn\u00e9 choroby [5]. Pr\u00e1v\u011b nepochopen\u00ed informac\u00ed o p\u0159enosu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a jeho epidemick\u00e9m \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed spolu s jejich v\u011bdomou manipulac\u00ed vyvolaly naprosto nepodlo\u017een\u00e9 obavy ze vzniku pandemie Mpox.<\/p>\n
Z pohledu obsahov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy lze tweety rozd\u011blit do n\u011bkolika klastr\u016f: cynick\u00e9, rozzloben\u00e9, diskutuj\u00edc\u00ed mu\u017ee maj\u00edc\u00ed sex s mu\u017ei, ot\u00e1zku kazuistiky, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u011brohodnosti WHO. Objevilo se velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed s diskrimina\u010dn\u00edm a nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm obsahem v\u016f\u010di gay\u016fm, bisexu\u00e1l\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm netypicky orientovan\u00fdm sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm men\u0161in\u00e1m. Tweety s negativn\u00edm obsahem \u010di chybn\u00fdmi informacemi se za\u010daly vir\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159it a zas\u00e1hly obrovsk\u00fd po\u010det u\u017eivatel\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed [6-8]. Ve spojitosti s Mpoxem, obdobn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b onemocn\u011bn\u00ed Covid-19, lze nal\u00e9zt jak zcela nepravdiv\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed, tzn. dezinformace, tak ale i tvrzen\u00ed sice pravdiv\u00e1, ale sna\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se vzbudit negativn\u00ed reakce (malinformace), zav\u00e9st chaos, vyd\u011bsit, stejn\u011b jako tvrzen\u00ed velmi nep\u0159esn\u00e1, nicm\u00e9n\u011b sd\u00edlen\u00e1 bez zjevn\u00e9ho \u00famyslu \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e po\u0161kodit, vyvolat paniku \u010di strach (misinformace). Velmi \u010dasto se lze tak\u00e9 do\u010d\u00edst, \u017ee vakc\u00edna proti Mpoxu toto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji vyvol\u00e1, ne\u017e aby proti n\u011bmu o\u010dkovanou osobu ochr\u00e1nila. Tvrzen\u00ed o velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 na denn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku.<\/p>\n
P\u0159itom je to s Mpox virem zcela prost\u00e9. P\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u201evirus opi\u010d\u00edch ne\u0161tovic\u201c je odvozen z prvn\u00edho z\u00e1chytu ne\u0161tovi\u010dn\u00e9ho viru u opic dovezen\u00fdch do D\u00e1nska v roce 1958. Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli, v roce 2022 byl tento n\u00e1zev viru zm\u011bn\u011bn na Mpox. Mpox se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdm nebo intimn\u00edm kontaktem s infikovanou osobou, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm kontaktem s infikovan\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty nebo kontaktem s kontaminovan\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty nebo sd\u00edlen\u00edm v\u011bc\u00ed, jako jsou ru\u010dn\u00edky, postele atd. Nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee by se nemoc \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila pouze respira\u010dn\u00ed cestou, pravd\u011bpodobnost respira\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159enosu viru zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edho Mpox z \u010dlov\u011bka na \u010dlov\u011bka se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt n\u00edzk\u00e1. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hore\u010dkou, zimnic\u00ed, bolestmi hlavy, sval\u016f, zad a vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm, doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zdu\u0159en\u00ed lymfatick\u00fdch uzlin (lymfadenopatie). B\u011bhem 1 a\u017e 3 dn\u016f (n\u011bkdy i d\u00e9le) se po n\u00e1stupu hore\u010dky u pacienta objev\u00ed typick\u00e1 vyr\u00e1\u017eka (ne\u0161tovice), kter\u00e1 \u010dasto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na obli\u010deji a pot\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla. \u00damrtnost na Mpox bez l\u00e9\u010dby a bez vakcinace dosahuje jednotky procent. Po\u010det onemocn\u011bn\u00ed na Mpox je takov\u00fd, \u017ee nevy\u017eaduje vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli protiepidemick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed. Pouze pro person\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je v kontaktu s nemocn\u00fdmi s Mpox, jsou doporu\u010dov\u00e1ny ochrann\u00e9 prost\u0159edky [9, 10].<\/p>\n
Zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed informace o Mpox maj\u00ed ni\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, \u010d\u00e1st populace ignoruje kritick\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed a fenom\u00e9n infod\u00e9mie pak m\u00e1 negativn\u00ed dopady nejen na laickou populaci, ale zt\u011b\u017euje i orientaci zdravotnick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f v z\u00e1plav\u011b fale\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Ti by pr\u00e1v\u011b m\u011bli b\u00fdt zdrojem nezpochybniteln\u00fdch informac\u00ed o zdravotn\u00edch rizic\u00edch vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch z mo\u017en\u00e9ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed patogenn\u00edch mikroorganism\u016f, \u0161\u00ed\u0159it osv\u011btu o zdravotnick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch a usilovat o to, aby jak vl\u00e1dy, tak \u00fa\u0159ady zavedly z\u00e1konn\u00e9 normy zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se postihem \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v jednotlivci. D\u00e1le aby p\u016fsobily na spole\u010dnosti provozuj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia, zejm\u00e9na influencery, aby na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b podnikly r\u00e1zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kroky k omezen\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepravd, na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 napomohly k soustavn\u00e9mu zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotnick\u00e9 gramotnosti laick\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
Reference<\/h5>\n
    \n
  1. https:\/\/szu.gov.cz\/temata-zdravi-a-bezpecnosti\/a-z-infekce\/m\/mpox\/pripady-hlasene-v-uk-a-portugalsku\/<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/health-61506562<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  3. https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/israel-news\/2022-05-20\/ty-article\/israel-discovers-first-case-of-monkeypox-virus\/00000180-e9f9-d189-af82-f9fd13df0000<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  4. https:\/\/www.novinky.cz\/clanek\/zahranicni-evropa-opici-nestovice-se-siri-necekane-rychle-prekvapuje-lekare-hlasi-je-uz-12-statu-40397780<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  5. https:\/\/www.newsx.com\/health\/is-mpox-a-sexually-transmitted-disease-indian-experts-argue-stigma-attached\/<\/li>\n
  6. Edinger A, Valdez D, Walsh-Buhi, et al. Misinformation and public health messaging in the early stages of the Mpox outbreak: Mapping the Twitter Narrative with deep learning. J Med Internet Res. 2023, 25:e438<\/li>\n
  7. Yan X, Li Z, Cao C, et al. Characteristics , Influencee, Prevention, and Control Measures of the Mpox Infodemmic Scoping Review of Infodemiology Studies. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26: e54874<\/li>\n
  8. Powell J, Pring T. The impact of social media influencers on health outcomes: Systematic review. Soc Sci Med, 2024, 340: 116472<\/li>\n
  9. https:\/\/szu.gov.cz\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Zakladni_informace_o_onemocneni_MPX.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mpox\/causes\/index.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. Cohen J. Congo’s Mpox crisis. Science, 2024, 386(6728):1336-1343<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
     <\/p>\n
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